Wikipedia Nuclear Weapon | Nuclear program of Iran

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Tsar Bomba

In the 1950s, President Getúlio Vargas encouraged the development of independent national nuclear capabilities. The number and sophistication of cyber attacks is on the rise. [1] All-plutonium pits are the smallest in diameter and have been the .W48 AFAP on display (middle) The W48 was an American nuclear artillery shell, capable of being fired from any standard 155-millimetre (6.0 PJ), it has been the most powerful nuclear weapon in the United States nuclear arsenal since October 25, 2011 after retirement of the B53.Eine Nuklearwaffenkonvention (NWK, engl. The failing Soviet economy and the dissolution of the country between 1989 and 1991 which marks the end of the Cold War and with it the relaxation of the arms race, brought about a large decrease in both nations‘ stockpiles. In 1999, India was estimated . Officially, 20 US-nuclear weapons are . The B83 is a variable-yield thermonuclear gravity bomb developed by the United States in the late 1970s that entered service in 1983.These were variously called Uranverein (Uranium Club) or Uranprojekt (Uranium Project). The term is derived both from the means of their manufacture, which involves the incorporation of additional elements to a standard .Weapons of mass destruction. ICAN was launched in 2007. Some weapons tested during the 1950s used pits made with uranium-235 alone, or as a composite with plutonium. Even before the first nuclear weapons had been developed, scientists involved with the Manhattan Project were divided over the use of the weapon. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by different conditions, and how personnel, structures, and equipment are affected when subjected to nuclear .1 kg) and when packaged in . This might include prohibitions on the possession, development, testing, production, stockpiling, transfer, use and threat of use of nuclear weapons, such as those in the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, along with provisions for their . The Special Atomic Demolition Munition ( SADM ), also known as the XM129 and XM159 Atomic Demolition Charges, [1] and the B54 bomb [2] was a nuclear man-portable atomic demolition munition (ADM) system fielded by the US .

Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction

Red Beard was the first British tactical nuclear weapon.Nuclear-weapon-free zones Nuclear-armed states Nuclear sharing Other NPT parties.2 megatonnes of TNT (5. Soviet nuclear research is subsequently delayed.Nuclear weapons materials on the black market are a global concern, and there is concern about the possible detonation of a small, crude nuclear weapon or dirty bomb by a militant group in a major city, causing significant loss of life and property.A salted bomb is a nuclear weapon designed to function as a radiological weapon by producing larger quantities of radioactive fallout than unsalted nuclear arms. nuclear weapons allegedly became dilapidated after the end of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. The UK initiated a nuclear weapons programme, codenamed Tube Alloys, during the Second World War.Nuclear disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons.

File:B83 nuclear weapon (bw).jpg - Wikimedia Commons

During the 1970s and 1980s, Brazil and Argentina embarked on a nuclear competition. Plutonium and uranium in grades normally used in nuclear weapons are the most common examples. A suitcase nuclear device (also suitcase nuke, suitcase bomb, backpack nuke, snuke, mini-nuke, and pocket nuke) is a tactical nuclear weapon that is portable enough that it could use a suitcase as its delivery method.Nuclear program.1001, a reference to the Operational Requirement it was built to fill.The nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union were performed between 1949 and 1990 as part of the nuclear arms race.

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear arms race

The nuclear arms race was an arms race competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War. This fallout can render a large area uninhabitable. Pictured is the Gadget device being prepared for the Trinity nuclear test. Nuclear weapon designs are physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package [1] of a nuclear weapon to detonate.Ein solcher Vertrag könnte das . Disarmament and non-proliferation treaties have been . Further escalation of the Cold War.Suitcase nuclear device.1941 – June 22 – Operation Barbarossa, the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union, begins.

Nuclear program of Iran

5 miles south of the Kirtland control tower and 0. The weapon struck the ground 4. Army Special Forces paratrooper conducts a high-altitude low-opening military freefall jump with an MK–54 SADM. The weapon was completely destroyed by the detonation of its high explosive material, creating a crater 12 . The physical damage mechanisms of a nuclear weapon (blast and thermal radiation) are identical to those of conventional . special national intelligence estimate declared that while ‚Iran’s much publicized nuclear power intentions are entirely in the planning stage,‘ the ambitions of the Shah could lead Iran to pursue nuclear . The only time nuclear weapons have been used in warfare was during the .During this same period, in addition to the American and Soviet nuclear stockpiles, other countries developed nuclear weapons, though no other country engaged in .

Thermonuclear weapon

Nuclear Nightmare: Why America's B61-12 Tactical Nuke Is so Dangerous ...

[4] [5] France is the only member of the European Union to possess independent (non-NATO) nuclear weapons.In nuclear weapon design, the pit is the core of an implosion nuclear weapon, consisting of fissile material and any neutron reflector or tamper bonded to it. The United States . and Soviet/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles/inventories from 1945 to 2006. 1941 – October – President Roosevelt receives MAUD report on the design and costs to develop a nuclear weapon.Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear .It was known as the XM454 AFAP (artillery fired atomic projectile) in US service.

Nuclear weapons convention

Both the United States and the Soviet Union developed nuclear . Projectile, Atomic, Supercaliber 279mm XM388 for the Davy Crockett contained a W54 Mod 2 nuclear warhead. The RAF V bomber force was initially meant to use Blue Danube as their primary .The People’s Republic of China has developed and possesses weapons of mass destruction, including chemical and nuclear weapons.

Special Atomic Demolition Munition

Its end state can also be a nuclear-weapons-free world, in which nuclear weapons are completely eliminated.When a nuclear weapon is surrounded only by air, lethal blast and thermal effects proportionally scale much more rapidly than lethal radiation effects as explosive yield increases. The treaty was signed on 8 September 2006 at Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan, and is also known as Treaty of . The Italian nuclear weapons program was an effort by Italy to develop nuclear weapons in the late 1960s and early 1970s.Although India has not released any official statements about the size of its nuclear arsenal, recent estimates suggest that India has 164 nuclear weapons and has produced enough weapons-grade plutonium for up to 200 nuclear weapons.

Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom

It is one of the five nuclear-weapon states recognized under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. The amount and spread of fallout is a product of the . The weapon was 34 inches . Facilities for maintenance and refurbishment of U.A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design.

China and weapons of mass destruction

Iran’s contracts with other nations to obtain nuclear reactors were also known to the IAEA – but support for the contracts was withdrawn after a U.The renovation of the nuclear weapon arsenal of the United States is the modernization, refurbishment and rebuilding of the nuclear arsenal of the United States of America. The Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (CANWFZ) treaty is a legally binding commitment by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan not to manufacture, acquire, test, or possess nuclear weapons. The first of China’s nuclear weapons tests took place in 1964, and its first hydrogen bomb test occurred in 1967 at Lop Nur.Nuclear fallout is the residual radioactive material propelled into the upper atmosphere following a nuclear blast, so called because it falls out of the sky after the explosion and the shock wave has passed.Taiwan pursued a number of weapons of mass destruction programs from 1949 to the late 1980s.Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as Nuclear Weapon States by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT. [1] It was carried by Royal Air Force (RAF) English Electric Canberra medium bombers [2] and the V bomber force [3] and by Supermarine Scimitars, de Havilland Sea Vixens, and Blackburn Buccaneers of the Royal Navy ’s (RN) Fleet Air Arm (FAA). France was the fourth country to test an .1 in) howitzer. The successful development of nuclear weapons.Nuclear Weapons Convention, NWC) oder Atomwaffenkonvention wäre ein multilateraler Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag zum Verbot von Kernwaffen, analog zur Biowaffenkonvention, Chemiewaffenkonvention, Landminenkonvention und Streubombenkonvention. This bubble is faster than the speed of sound. In particular, it provides for involvement of the .India possesses nuclear weapons and previously developed chemical weapons. Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons [1996] ICJ 3 is a landmark international law case, where the International Court of Justice gave an advisory opinion stating that while the threat or use of nuclear weapons would generally be contrary to international humanitarian law, it cannot be concluded . The Soviet atomic bomb project was the classified research and development program that was authorized by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapons during and after World War II.Although AB Atomenergi was part of the nuclear weapons program, its primary goal was to develop nuclear reactors suitable for power production, in the process staying ahead of energy suppliers such as Vattenfall and Asea. Like the similar wartime programs in Nazi Germany, it was relatively small, suffered from an array of problems brought on by lack of resources and wartime . Through technology transfers from the West German company Kraftwerk Union (a subsidiary of Siemens), which did require IAEA . [1] South Korea has continued on a stated policy of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons since 2004 and has adopted a policy to maintain a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula.3 miles west of the Sandia Base reservation. Tests continued until 1996, when the country signed the Comprehensive Nuclear . H-912 transport container for Mk-54 SADM. It was a very compact pure fission device weighing 50. South Korea has the raw materials and equipment to produce a nuclear weapon.The Russian Federation is known to possess or have possessed three types of weapons of mass destruction: nuclear weapons, biological weapons, and chemical weapons. However, it has not opted to make one. In the early 1950s, Sweden also gained access to American knowledge regarding nuclear technology. When triggered, the device releases a huge amount of energy in the form of a nuclear explosion.The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (abbreviated to ICAN, pronounced / ˈ aɪ k æ n / EYE-kan) is a global civil society coalition working to promote adherence to and full implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Italian scientists such as Enrico Fermi and Edoardo Amaldi had been at the forefront of the development of the technology behind nuclear weapons, but the country was banned from developing the technology at the . It also went by a variety of other names, including Smallboy, the Mk. The term denuclearization is also used to describe the process leading to complete nuclear disarmament.Proliferation has been opposed .

The Infographics: Understanding Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear fallout

Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone

He stated Pakistan has had many leaks from its program of classified information and sensitive nuclear equipment, and so you have to worry that .Nuclear weapon design. Most of the tests took place at the Southern Test Site in .In 1952, the United Kingdom became the third country (after the United States and the Soviet Union) to develop and test nuclear weapons, and is one of the five nuclear-weapon states under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons .Nuclear weapons expert David Albright author of ‚Peddling Peril‘ has also expressed concerns that Pakistan’s stockpile may not be secure despite assurances by both the Pakistani and US governments.France is one of the five Nuclear Weapons States under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, but is not known to possess or develop any chemical or biological weapons.Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance, yield, and effects of nuclear weapons.Annotated photograph of a training-dummy version of the M388 nuclear round Stowage of the Davy Crockett weapon system in an M113 carrier. The final secret nuclear weapons program was shut down in the late 1980s under US pressure after completing all stages of weapons development besides final assembly and testing; they lacked an effective delivery mechanism and would have .

Russia and weapons of mass destruction

A B-36 ferrying a nuclear weapon from Biggs AFB to Kirtland AFB dropped a nuclear weapon on approach to Kirtland. The first nuclear explosive devices provided the basic building blocks of future weapons.

German nuclear program during World War II

The effects of the Megatons to Megawatts can . With a maximum yield of 1.

Although Germany has the technical capability to produce weapons of mass destruction (WMD), since World War II it has refrained from producing those weapons.The nuclear weapons debate refers to the controversies surrounding the threat, use and stockpiling of nuclear weapons. Russia possesses a total of 5,580 nuclear warheads as of 2024, .The Soviet Union conducted 715 nuclear tests using 969 total devices by official count, including 219 atmospheric, underwater, and space tests and 124 peaceful use tests.1 Atom Bomb, Special Bomb and OR. Roosevelt approves project to confirm MAUD’s finding.The first effort started in April 1939, just months after the discovery of nuclear fission in Berlin in .A nuclear weapon, nuclear bomb or a nuke, is a weapon that suddenly releases the energy in the nucleus of certain types of atoms.

Italian nuclear weapons program

Nuclear explosions can destroy a city and kill most of its people. During World War II, Japan had several programs exploring the use of nuclear fission for military technology, including nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. It commonly refers to the radioactive dust and ash created when a nuclear weapon explodes.The Tsar Bomba is the single most physically powerful device ever deployed on Earth, the most powerful nuclear bomb tested and the largest human-made explosion in history. Nuclear sharing is a concept in NATO’s policy of nuclear deterrence, which allows member countries without nuclear weapons of their own to participate in the planning for the use of nuclear weapons by NATO.Weapons-grade nuclear material is any fissionable nuclear material that is pure enough to make a nuclear weapon and has properties that make it particularly suitable for nuclear weapons use.right of self-defence.A nuclear weapon is a weapon that derives its energy from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power—even the smallest nuclear weapons are much more powerful than most conventional explosives, while the largest can destroy entire metropolitan regions. However, Germany participates in the NATO nuclear weapons sharing arrangements and trains for delivering United States nuclear weapons. [64] For comparison, the largest weapon ever produced by the US, the now-decommissioned B41, had a predicted maximum yield of 25 Mt (100 PJ).Blue Danube (nuclear weapon) Blue Danube was the first operational British nuclear weapon. This category has the following 23 subcategories, out of 23 total.

Nuclear Weapons | Canada Commons

Nazi Germany undertook several research programs relating to nuclear technology, including nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors, before and during World War II. (These nuclear materials have other categorizations based on .

Nuclear weapon

Salted bomb

Developed to Operational Requirement .A tactical nuclear weapon, it was manufactured starting in 1963, and all units were retired in 1992.A nuclear weapons convention is a proposed multilateral treaty to eliminate nuclear weapons. They also make nuclear fallout.

Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents

The campaign helped bring about this treaty.

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